So “battalion” is not a fixed organization in the Iron Empires, but a catch-all term for a certain level of organization which can vary widely in composition and in size? (Much like a “regiment” in the British Army or a “brigade” in the modern US Army).
Regardless, I’d imagine a battalion is going to be at most a thousand personnel (which is a huge battalion by 21st century standards)… If that’s true, then looking at the force to population ratios of 1:1,000 to 4:1,000 cited in the RAND study referenced in this prior thread, an Anvil Lord’s contingent of one thousand troops can control at most a million people. We also know from Thor Olavsrud’s and Chris Moeller’s comments in this thread that a typical world has “a handful” of Anvil Lords, which translates into several battalions, i.e. several thousand troops, i.e. enough force to police several million people.
These starting points lead inexorably to one of three conclusions:
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The sociology and/or technology of the Iron Empires are so radically different from that of our era that populations require much less policing. We haven’t seen any evidence that the people are so remarkably tractable in either Faith Conquers, Sheva’s War, The Passage, or the Burning Empires game-book, so this one strikes me as somewhat implausible.
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The populations of Iron Empires planets are much smaller than that of 21st century Earth. Most worlds would have to have populations in the 1 to 10 million range to make direct control by 1-10 Anvil Lords work. This is plausible, given the vast dispersion of humanity – 10,000 worlds in the eight core empires alone – and the centuries of decline, which presumably included population decline. But it seems a bit restrictive to me.
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Most of the day-to-day police work is fobbed off on someone besides the Anvil Lords. Communes obviously have the Law Enforcement lifepath, Merchant Leagues have the Security lifepath, and – most relevant to a feudalized world – Slaves and Serfs have the Taskmaster lifepath, so clearly there is support for this in canon. I’ve proposed the Watchman lifepath as the equivalent for the Freeman setting: Just as feudal lords employ Taskmasters on their estates, and Merchant Leagues have Security in their company towns or factory dormitories, so do Freeman communities hire Watchmen to police themselves. The exact form presumably varies, but off the top of my head, I can imagine four alternatives:
(3.1) The wealthier Freemen, the ones with those Artisan, Engineer, and Manufacturer lifepaths, hire local toughs and/or expendables as Watchmen to police their own employees, both to keep the workers in line and to keep the workers from being beat up so badly by muggers that they can’t come in to work. These “Upper Freemen” might hire such forces either as individuals or collectively, with several local bigshots chipping in together. Call this a “mini-Merchant League” approach.
(3.2) A Freeman Guild runs its own town or neighborhood for its members, ruled by the Guildmasters, with the Guild either providing directly or through approved subcontractors such services as housing, power, and security. Guild security is likely to be mere Watchmen but might rise to the level of League Security if the Guilds are organized well enough or there’s a well-organized security contractor on the planet. This is another “mini-Merchant League” approach.
(3.3) A neighborhood or village of modestly well-organized and well-off Freemen form a Neighborhood Watch, supplemented with tough guys hired from outside. Call this the “mini-Commune” approach.
(3.4) If none of the above applies, and the area is ravaged by criminals, the odds are that eventually one particularly well-organized bunch of criminals is going to kick out the rest and take over, at which point they have a vested interest in preserving some kind of order: You rob a man once, you’ve paid yourself for a day; you get a man to pay protection, you’ve paid yourself for life. (The so-called “stationary bandit”). This means that the local “police” will actually be drawn from the Outcast & Criminal lifepaths: Mostly Hive Thugs, maybe backed up by some Bikers, led by Gunsels and under the overall direction of one or more high-level Criminals.
Obviously, I personally like the third alternative - subcontracting out policework to sub-Anvil forces.
First of all, it frees up our worldbuilding calculations: We don’t have to figure out how relatively small Anvil forces are policing large populations all by themselves, because they’re not doing it all by themselves.
Second, it frees up Anvil forces to be proper military forces, rather than police units with some military functions.
Third, it makes it much, much easier to conquer planets, in classic medieval fashion. Instead of having to uproot massive garrison forces (1,000 troops per million population) [EDIT: and then replace them with your own garrison troops transported expensively across space], you just have to defeat the small, high-quality force that’s personally loyal to the feudal lord (i.e. the Anvil). Then you tell the commoners, “We have a new address for you to send your taxes to” and otherwise leave their local ad hoc law enforcement alone. The local Watchman on the street keeps doing his job no matter who the Baron may be, and the new Baron doesn’t bother himself with who’s patrolling the neighborhoods at night as long as taxes come in on time.
Of course, in especially important areas, e.g. the spaceport, the planetary capital, a major mining or industrial center, etc., the local Anvil Lord will probably want to exercise control directly without allowing any local security force in the way. That’s where you’ll see Soldiers, Anvil Bikers, and Military Police actually patrolling the streets.
And even in areas where the Anvil Lord delegates local law-and-order to sub-Anvil forces, he’s not ceded ultimate authority by a long shot. Merchant League Security, Freeman guild/neighborhood Watchmen, estate Taskmasters, and even the local protection racket’s Hive Thugs are no match for a low-grade Anvil force of Soldiers with ballistic armor and assault rifles, backed by a few armored vehicles and artillery pieces (i.e., in game terms, the Anvil Lord only bought a 1D Affiliation), let alone grav-mobile Iron. If any local authority gets out of line, a few grav sleds swooping in to disgorge combat troops should make the point about who rules the Iron Empires in short order.